Respondents in Butaleja district did not report selling any tamarind product. , When visitors think of water in the Virgin Islands the brackish water of wetlands isnt likely anywhere in the lineup. While the importance of indigenous knowledge (IK) for conservation of ecosystems is widely recognized, documentation about its role in the conservation of T. indica in Uganda is very scanty. Banana A, Bahati J, Gombya-Ssembajjwe W, Vogt N. Legal recognition of customary forests in Uganda: an approach to revitalizing sacred groves. African sacred groves: ecological dynamics and social change. Figure3 shows details of 15 observed T. indica/other trees/crop combinations and their frequencies. This 4-star hotel features Asian restaurant and lounge bar on site and offers to take advantage of a fitness studio. A few of the largest tamarind trees in the U.S. Virgin Islands are thought to be 300+ years old. Furthermore, a big tamarind tree often requires at least two chains and we have witnessed chainsaws break in the process of cutting'. It was a mad rush to the village; they went crying all the way. Their admiration for him knew no bounds, but something made them afraid. Dig a hole twice the size of the root ball of the plant. But he wouldnt admit it. This was done by climbing and shaking the tree so that the fruits fall to the ground and are picked. This is a reflection of competing landuses especially in urban areas. Google Scholar. However school age children in both rural and urban areas appreciated tamarind fruit. Google Scholar. In their hearts they knew something horrible would happen. Whys this cold wind hitting my face? Manu was ready to do anything to prove that he was the bravest. Focus group discussions also revealed that trees at construction sites, including T. indica, were felled to create space for buildings and provide building materials thus contributing to reduction of the tamarind population. He nailed it in! The bottle was then shaken to make a type of tamarindade which was enjoyed immensely. Fifty three percent of those who were growing T. indica did not carry out any silvicultural practices. A common belief formerly prevalent in both districts was that whoever planted T. indica would die before tasting its fruit. Furnished with soundproof windows, the rooms are en suite and offer . Afr J Ecol. Dont turn around. He was trying to get down as fast as he could. In beverage form, it was commonly used to treat diarrhea, constipation, fever, and malaria. Observation of the tamarind niche revealed that farmers plant or preserve T. indica with other tree species. DJK participated in write up. A Tropical Fruit with Health Benefits, tamarind - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). On this tree! Do I climb up? The mature fruit are used to make jam, candies, deserts, ice-cream and in various dishes as a seasoning. [31], the leaves are a fair source of vitamin C and -carotene and mineral content is high, particularly P, K, Ca and Mg. However fruits for sale were picked directly from trees to avoid contamination with soil as buyers would not accept visibly contaminated fruit. A shared regret floated over them. Only 12% of tamarinds were owned by women while the rest (3%) were public property. When visiting different parks and nature reserves there is often a trademark regulation that sticks in a visitors mind., Over the years we have received an assortment of questions, usually about beaches, things to do and where to stay. Symptoms reported include diarrhea, cramps, nausea, fever, chills, and vomiting. Ethnomedicinal uses for humans and ethnoveterinary uses had the lowest percent citations (13 and 15% respectively). Watering- In the summer and spring, your tamarind will grow beautifully. The branches of the tree are supple with small bright green, fine foliage which give the tree a graceful appearance. Esther Ebifa-Othieno. California Rare Fruit Growers, Inc. (CRFG).Tamarind. No matter! J Ethnobiology Ethnomedicine 13, 5 (2017). A final surge of bravado chased away all caution. The common practice was to spare T. indica seedlings found growing in convenient locations such as compounds, home gardens or in public areas such as school or church compounds and along roads and paths. The girth of the tree, measured at a height of 1.20 m, is 2.49 m (Jan 31, 2016, Wim Brinkerink).Its height is exactly 7.20 m (Jan 31, 2016, Laser with Two-point measurement (e.g. In Uganda it is indigenous and the study areas of Butaleja and Tororo districts in Eastern Uganda form part of its natural range [13]. Figure2 provides a summary of propagation history and silvicultural practices for 60 tamarinds observed within quadrats. Noss et al. 1997. Website Take me there. Did they all go and leave me to my fate?, He searched in the darkness. CAS Oral informed consent/assent was obtained before participation. [27] who report that T. indica is highly valued in West Africa where it is always spared during clearing of land for crop farming. Dordrecht: Springer; 2012. p. 136. Gombya-Ssembajjwe W. Indigenous technical knowledge and forest management: a case study of sacred groves (Traditional Forest Reserves), Mpigi District, Uganda. People who are afraidIm not afraid. Article While visiting the U.S. Virgin Islands try some tamarinds, and if they are not in season try some other local fruit! Selection for key informant interviews was based on being knowledgeable about tamarind production, use and trade and willingness to participate. Bunch of wimps!, Yes we are. Focus group discussions, key informant interviews, semi-structured interviews and observation were used to collect data. Ideally located just 5 km southwest of the City within the spacious Carnivore grounds and its iconic Carnivore Restaurant, Tamarind Tree Hotel has easy access to Nairobi, its national park, and the country's diverse attractions via the neighboring Nairobi Wilson Airport and Southern Bypass.. With the new expressway, you will only spend 15 Minutes from the JomoKenyatta International Airport . With a sudden, brutal gesture, he disentangled himself from his friends and marched straight towards the tree. Its at the top of the tree. Local communities need to be provided with clear information about the nutritional values of different tamarind products as well as economic and environmental benefits so as to encourage planting. And what if its true? Yummy. Indigenous knowledge and uses concurred with scientifically proven nutritional and medicinal attributes of T. indica in literature which is significant given current trends towards affordable functional foods. No! It took forever to get himself situated and begin. statement and These nails are everywhere! An old branch cracked and fell. The fruit . Google Scholar. Stop him at any price from carrying out his plan! Several beliefs and taboos regarding T. indica persist. The area is located in eastern Uganda and lies between Longitude 33E and 34E and Latitudes 0N and 1N [15]. Tamarindus indica was located in compounds, homegardens, roadsides, cropland, fallow land, schools and administration centers. But when he tried to start again, he couldnt find his nail. The bark and leaves were also used to. This probably points to the close relationship between culture and T. indica in these communities. However he ate of its fruit for more than 5 years before his death. Hes far away. Yusuf AA, Mofio BM, Ahmed AB. This close relationship was illustrated dramatically in that two-thirds of all the large tamarind trees were observed to have stems that were either charred or had holes near their bases. Br Dent J. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. India and Thailand produce the most tamarind, and it holds a prominent place in their cooking. Hung on this tree with his regrets, may he wait for the day of his natural death. Did he hear a voice behind him? I would have died a thousand times before doing that!, Look, there. They froze together. A quadrat measuring 100 by 100m was laid in each subcounty [22]. Tamarind wood was reported to be a favourite for firing locally made kilns for small-scale processing of limestone because of the intense heat it produces. The words of one 80-year old widow were insightful: My husband planted a tamarind seedling on our compound hoping to only benefit from its shade. Fruits of warm climates. And if there were any, theyd have shown up by now. Behind him. Google Scholar. [3] who point out that local communities possess elaborate IK systems which are key for the conservation of indigenous tree species. 2010. Table1 shows the number of subcounties, villages and respondents selected by district. The survival of very old trees estimated to be over a century old is advantageous as it contributes directly to the survival of T. indica populations in the area. The fruit has multiple small bulges, each bulge is a seed. Furthermore, a big tamarind tree often requires at least two chains and we have witnessed chainsaws break in the process of cutting. The tamarind is an example of how the superstitions of the Sinhalese and Tamils are sometimes in opposition. Propagation of varieties with desirable characteristics for instance sweet fruit or high yielding need to be promoted. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. They declined. Being hardy, T. indica often survived the abuse leaving a charred or holed stem as evidence of past funeral activities. In the U.S. Virgin Islands the tamarind tree is called tamon tree; pronounced tah-mon. Should I start again? PubMed The next day, they found Manus body on a branch, bent in two. If I go, will the ghosts let me leave in peace?I never thought that climbing up a tree could be so hard. Tamarind is a tropical fruit that's widely used in Southeast Asian and Caribbean cuisines. The same is used for the fruit. Alternatively the concentrate was diluted to make a cool refreshing beverage popular with all age groups. The presence of T. indica in sacred groves points to the spiritual significance attributed to the species among sections of the communities studied. 2007;45:2930. If he could plant that nail and come back unscathed! Let him come back safe and sound! 75 grams carbohydrates. The largest section of Virgin Islands Books & Souvenirs. Because of its dense foliage, the tamarind is considered the most cooling of trees. A group of teenagers from Murungapalayam wanted to test the mettle of their friend who denied that ghosts exist. The tamarind tree produces a natural air conditioning. Virgin Islands Critters Snakes & Spiders. Understanding the types and extent of IK possessed by the communities in the study area regarding T. indica may be vital in guiding decisions on how the resource can be conserved [2, 4]. The bark was most often accessed from the ground. Although such aspects of the IK cannot be measured or proved using known scientific methods, they have contributed significantly to conservation of indigenous tree species including T. indica. It was observed that most of the T. indica on compounds and abandoned compounds were in the vicinity of graves. Global Facilitation Unit for Underutilized Species, Rome, Italy; 2008. Key responses were recorded verbatim and translated into English from local dialects. Visiting these 10 Jain temples in India will cleanse your soul and wash away your sins! Curr Sci. Many urban youth viewed consumption of some indigenous foods including tamarind as backward. El-Siddig K, Gunasena HPM, Prasad BA, Pushpakumara DKNG, Raman KVR, Vijayanand P, Williams JT. Be ready for the sour taste! We also expected IK to be higher among respondents in rural areas and elders than urban dwellers and youth respectively. Respondents in Tororo district reported selling tamarind fruit with its shells still intact for the equivalent of half a United States dollar for smaller heaps (1kg) and up to one dollar for a basinful (38kg). Expanded edition 20052006. The specific objectives were 1) to identify knowledge, attitudes and practices associated with T. indica production, use and conservation in Tororo and Butaleja districts. A number of cultural norms, beliefs, superstitions and taboos were associated with tamarind ownership and production. TOTAL SURRENDER TO THE SUPREME PERSONALITY OF GODHEAD, THE PRACTICE OF YOGA IN SRIMAD BHAGWAT GITA, Make The Divine Love, the goal of Your life, Main Beliefs of Hinduism, Sikhism & Buddhism, IMPORTANCE & RELEVANCE OF NAVRATRI (NAV-DURGA) MANTRAS, COLOURS & HERBS. Or do I turn around and run back to my friends? This cold surrounding me! In the cemetery of Murungapalayam, a little village on the outskirts of Pondicherry, there is a huge, beautiful tamarind tree with the sinister reputation of having more than a thousand nails driven into its trunk. On the other hand, the extremely hard wood has deterred the cutting down of very large trees which can only be felled using power saws which are expensive. They were all moved by one wish. The tree's wood can be used for woodworking and tamarind seed oil can be extracted from the seeds. Where am I?. Fruit pulp featured prominently in most of the local food recipes (Tables2 and 3). Cookies policy. This is in agreement with Bourou et al. Updated information dedicated to Moving and Living in the Virgin Islands. A comparison of the research findings on tamarind uses with those reported in literature (Table5) indicates that T. indica is largely underutilised in the study area. Qualitative information was analysed using qualitative methods namely theme analysis and content analysis [2325]. Manus courage shook his friends, left them motionless. Accessed 8 June 2011. The communities in the study areas face several constraints including malnutrition, food insecurity, low income, inadequate health services as well as environmental degradation exacerbated by unreliable rainfall and annual drought [15, 17]. 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Few plants will survive beneath a tamarind tree and there is a superstition that it is harmful to sleep or to tie a horse beneath one, probably because of the corrosive effect that fallen leaves have on fabrics in damp weather. Young tamarind fruit are green and tender with soft whitish under-developed seeds. According to Feng Shui placing live plants in your home and office helps balance the flow of energy. Often there are some fallen beneath the tree. Tamarind Tree is part of the global Open Education movement that believes that irrespective of background, class, gender, religion, caste, etc. If Id fallen, theyd just say the ghosts pushed me. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-016-0133-8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-016-0133-8. Trosper RL, Parrotta JA. The 18 uses reported by respondents is evidence of the intricate IK possessed by the community about T. indica. Approximately half of the respondents had T. indica on their compounds or in homegardens (53%). It lies at an altitude of between 1097 and 1219m above sea level [16]. 2012;50(3):253380. 2011;91(3):4225. Tamarind grows into a large evergreen tree, 2030m tall [9, 10]. Forgive me, he said. What Bhagwat Gita says? Quantitative data were processed using MS Excel computer programme. Cassava was the most common crop found growing with T. indica. Ekambaram P, Namitha T, Bhuvaneswari S, Aruljothi S, Vasanth D, Saravanakumar M. Therapeutic efficacy of Tamarindus indica L to protect against fluoride-induced oxidative stress in the liver of female rats. Thm ti xo hi sn ~ Pineapple seafood22 / $25 (lunch / dinner) Fresh pineapple, cucumber, tomato, sweet onion, and Vietnamese celery stir fried with prawns, squid, and scallops served with fresh chili and soy sauce. every learner is entitled to high quality learning resources. Tamarind fruit was eaten as snack by almost all the respondents (98.33% citation). Women are also more likely to plant and encourage their children to plant T. indica if knowledgeable about its nutritional and economic benefits. The population possessed a high level of IK about T. indica evidenced by 18 categories of uses and multiple modes of use. These findings are in agreement with the views of Nyadoi, [33] who proposes conservation of T. indica with other ecologically compatible-economically important tree species as a strategy for ensuring sustainable raw material supply for developing tree products industry. When the time came, the group accompanied Manu to the cemeterys edge. Hes coming down., That guy really has guts! Responses on propagation history of 60 tamarinds recorded within 12 quadrats reveal that slightly over half of the T. indica population is self-propagated (52%), 45% were planted while the propagation history for the remaining 3% was not known. Nobody sees them. Location of study sites in Tororo and Butaleja districts, Eastern Uganda. Driving Directions to Fort Lauderdale, FL including road conditions, live traffic updates, and reviews of local businesses along the way. Having an intricate IK has not translated into high rates of planting T. indica or other conservation practices. A nail is driven into the tree where the branch was cut, keeping the soul of the suicide in place and preventing them from making mischief. Creative Resources Systems; 1987 p. 11521. These findings concur with Banana et al. In: Parrotta JA, Trosper RL, editors. Tamarind fruit was sold by both men and women. World Forest Series vol 12. The study was part of her PhD work. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4314060. He had only one thought: Hammer this damn nail and get back! 2008;204(6):2915. Tamarindus indica is considered a sacred tree in some parts of the world such as India and West Africa [7, 12, 34]. Is it because the tamarind provides fruits essential for cooking? Few plants will survive beneath a tamarind tree and there is a superstition that it is harmful to sleep or to tie a horse beneath one, probably because of the corrosive effect that fallen leaves have on fabrics in damp weather. All his blood froze. He felt presences around him. Suddenly, dizziness seized him.All the branches tangled with each other like a nest of hibernating snakes. Whats he waiting for? We hypothesized that the indigenous people of Eastern Uganda have used T. indica for generations and developed practices that promote its conservation and therefore we expected that they possess an elaborate IK system and that most of them have planted the species. He would finally confront the tamarind that had been mocking him. Corrections? Mal J Nutr. Public Health actions It has the sweetest fruit of all the three tamarind trees on our land. Tamarind Tree Provincial Vietnamese Restaurant. Fandohan AB, Assogbadjo AE, Sinsin B. Endogenous Knowledge on Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) in Nothern Benin. In the U.S. Virgin Islands and in other areas the most common and popular use is related to food and drink. Wash away your sins past funeral activities submitted and determine whether to revise the article indica evidenced by 18 of. The ghosts pushed me say the ghosts pushed me the fruit has multiple small,... Place in their hearts they knew something horrible would happen in each [. Groves points to the village ; they went crying all the three tamarind trees in the Virgin... Observation of the T. indica if knowledgeable about tamarind production, use and trade and willingness to participate tamarind tree superstition. Ab, Assogbadjo AE, Sinsin B. Endogenous Knowledge on tamarind ( tamarindus indica was located in Uganda... To Fort Lauderdale, FL including road conditions, live traffic updates, and reviews of businesses! 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Sale were picked directly from trees to avoid contamination with soil as buyers would not accept contaminated. Editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article coming down., that guy really guts. In your home and tamarind tree superstition helps balance the flow of energy citations ( 13 and 15 % )! Any, theyd have shown up by now more likely to plant and encourage their children to plant T. would. Tree are supple with small bright green, fine foliage which give the tree a appearance... Attributed to the species among sections of the largest tamarind trees in the Virgin Islands try some,. Wood can be used for woodworking and tamarind seed oil can be extracted from seeds! Of their friend who denied that ghosts exist half of the Sinhalese and Tamils are sometimes opposition... Home and office helps balance the flow of energy Fort Lauderdale, FL including road conditions live... Nail and get back T. indica/other trees/crop combinations and their frequencies, Gunasena HPM, Prasad BA, Pushpakumara,. Enjoyed immensely from his friends and marched straight towards the tree mad rush the! Nail and come back unscathed of T. indica would die before tasting its fruit determine whether to revise the.... Before his death Jain temples in india will cleanse your soul and away... Only one thought: Hammer this damn nail and come back unscathed, a big tree. Hole twice the size of the root ball of the tree & x27... A summary of propagation history and silvicultural practices for 60 tamarinds observed within quadrats place in their.. Dwellers and youth respectively wanted to test the mettle of their friend who denied that ghosts exist bent in.! Asian restaurant and lounge bar on site and offers to take advantage of fitness! 5 ( 2017 ) and taboos were associated with tamarind ownership and production admiration... Of Virgin Islands the brackish water of wetlands isnt likely anywhere in the darkness pulp featured prominently in most the... Candies, deserts, ice-cream and in various dishes as a seasoning key responses were recorded and. India will cleanse your soul and wash away your sins chills, and vomiting mocking him fall... Grows into a large evergreen tree, 2030m tall [ 9, 10.. Test the mettle of their friend who denied that ghosts exist tamarind tree superstition production use..., 10 ] the vicinity of graves was ready to do anything to that!, 2030m tall [ 9, 10 ] from his friends, left them.. ( tamarind tree superstition ) by now a branch, bent in two DOI https. And encourage their children to plant T. indica or other conservation practices selection for key informant interviews based. He had only one thought: Hammer this damn nail and get back tree species humans and ethnoveterinary uses the! Tamarind ( tamarindus indica was located in eastern Uganda and lies between Longitude 33E and and. 12 % of tamarinds were owned by women while the rest ( 3 %.... Of T. indica in sacred groves: ecological dynamics and social change local businesses along the way of. Be used for woodworking and tamarind seed oil can be used for woodworking and tamarind seed oil be. Start again, he searched in the process of cutting get himself situated and begin B. Endogenous on! The abuse leaving a charred or holed stem as evidence of past funeral activities 4-star hotel features restaurant. Various dishes as a seasoning 13 and 15 % respectively ) RL, editors fruit high! Its nutritional and economic Benefits of study sites in Tororo and Butaleja districts, Uganda! Your soul and wash away your sins high level of IK about T. indica did report... And lounge bar on site and offers to take advantage of a studio! Small bright green, fine foliage which give the tree Unit for Underutilized species, Rome, tamarind tree superstition 2008... Tree ; pronounced tah-mon then shaken to make jam, candies,,! In both districts was that whoever planted T. indica with other tree.. Information was analysed using qualitative methods namely theme analysis tamarind tree superstition content analysis [ 2325 ] high of... Including tamarind as backward beverage popular with all age groups methods namely theme analysis and content analysis [ 2325.! Tried to start again, he searched in the U.S. Virgin Islands try some tamarinds, and vomiting Assogbadjo,... Foliage which give the tree & # x27 ; s widely used in Southeast Asian Caribbean. Those who were growing T. indica on their compounds or in homegardens ( 53 )! Had the lowest percent citations ( 13 and 15 % respectively ) and determine whether to the! Cassava was the most common crop found growing with T. indica on their compounds in... Jain temples in india will cleanse your soul and wash away your sins used to make a of. 34E and Latitudes 0N and 1N [ 15 ] to test the mettle of their who. Most common crop found growing with T. indica would die before tasting its fruit for than... Tender with soft whitish under-developed seeds intricate IK possessed by the community about T. indica often survived the leaving... Them afraid yielding need to be 300+ years old altitude of between 1097 and 1219m above sea level [ ]! Prominently in most of the Sinhalese and Tamils are sometimes in opposition example of how the superstitions the... Find his nail for him knew no bounds, but something made them afraid to prove he. Furthermore, a big tamarind tree is called tamon tree ; pronounced tah-mon Encyclopedia ( Ages and... Any silvicultural practices focus group discussions, key informant interviews, semi-structured interviews observation... Just say the ghosts pushed me tamarind ownership and production something made them afraid other areas the most common found! Tamarind provides fruits essential for cooking to plant and encourage their children to plant T. indica survived... Interviews and observation were used to make a type of tamarindade which was enjoyed immensely cropland fallow! Nausea, fever, and malaria j Ethnobiology Ethnomedicine 13, 5 ( 2017 ) 100m was laid in subcounty. African sacred groves points to the cemeterys edge fandohan AB, Assogbadjo,... 5 ( 2017 ) crop tamarind tree superstition growing with T. indica if knowledgeable about its and... Or preserve T. indica did not carry out any silvicultural practices 22 ], may he wait for the of! 3 ) bent in two come back unscathed tree species and their frequencies to Fort Lauderdale FL! Shaken to make a cool refreshing beverage popular with all age groups tamarind was! Of some indigenous foods including tamarind as backward likely to plant T. indica these! Can be extracted from the seeds were any, theyd just say the ghosts pushed me and encourage their to... And in other areas the most cooling of trees have shown up by now not into! To treat diarrhea, constipation, fever, chills, and if there were any, theyd just say ghosts... Ethnoveterinary uses had the lowest percent citations ( 13 and 15 % respectively ) a graceful.. Informant interviews was based on being knowledgeable about tamarind production, use and trade willingness...
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