[93][97], Civil rights leaders, including Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, John Lewis, Muhammad Ali and others, criticized the racial disparity in both casualties and representation in the entire military, prompting the Pentagon to order cutbacks in the number of African Americans in combat positions. Vietnam emerged from the war as a potent military power within Southeast Asia, but its agriculture, business, and industry were disrupted, large parts of its countryside were scarred by bombs and defoliation and laced with land mines, and its cities and towns were heavily damaged. Dr. Shulimson heads the History Writing Unit and is a graduate of the University of Buffalo, now the State University of New York at Buffalo. As this was two years before the IBM PC (personal computer) came on the market, the work necessarily was done the old-fashioned way: by library research, travel, and in hand-writing. [55] Widespread reports of deliberate mass killings by Korean forces alleged that they were the result of systemic, deliberate policies to massacre civilians, with murders running into the hundreds. American Foreign Policy in the First Indochina War. [89], The total number of casualties, both KIA and non-hostile deaths, for drafted and volunteer service personnel (figures are approximated):[90], During the Vietnam War, 30% of wounded service members died of their wounds. [55] These policies were also reported on by US commanders, with one US Marine General stating "whenever the Korean marines received fire "or think [they got] fired on from a village they'd divert from their march and go over and completely level the village it would be a lesson to (the Vietnamese). 20% of black males were combat soldiers, sailors, airmen and marines. "Making More Enemies than We Kill? During that period, they stated, they lost 849,018 killed plus approximately 232,000 missing and 463,000 wounded. Marine Corps Casualties: 1775-2015 . The following general rules are observed: (2) AVIATION UNIT PERSONNEL in the Navy, Marines, and Air Force are indexed at the, (3) NAVAL PERSONNEL, other than aviation personnel, are indexed by, * The Viet Cong lost around 1.1 million combatants. Last combat unit departs Vietnam ending the ground war August 11, 1972. . [95][98] As a result, by the war's completion, total black casualties averaged 12.5% of US combat deaths, approximately equal to percentage of draft-eligible black men, though still slightly higher than the 10% who served in the military. American civilians were not killed in the Vietnam War. [19], Other casualties for the ARVN included up to 1,170,000 military wounded,[59] and 1,000,000 surrendered or captured. The U.S. military reported 58,220 American casualties. from Johns Hopkins and his MA and Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Ho Khang, ed, Marilyn Young. The Fall of Saigon in 1975 | Vietnam War Timeline, Causes & Aftermath, Battle of Ia Drang | Battle of Ia Drang Casualty List, Easter Offensive of 1972: Vietnam War | History, Impact & Aftermath. Back in the US, support for the war waned and calls to withdraw from Vietnam grew louder. The United States entered Vietnam with the principal purpose of preventing a communist takeover of the region. By 1969 more than 500,000 U.S. military personnel were stationed in Vietnam. Refighting the Vietnam War. Two further massacres were reported by soldiers who had taken part in them, one north of c Pho in, 426 killed in action, 74 died of other causes, 6 missing in action (all accounted for and repatriated), This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 15:26. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Though the Vietnamese army incurred more casualties, it was a . These Vietnam War photos taken by U.S. Army photographers reveal a side of the conflict that few people have ever seen. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C., lists more than 58,300 names of members of the U.S. armed forces who were killed or went missing in action. Political turbulence there and two alleged North Vietnamese attacks on U.S. naval vessels spurred Johnson to demand the passage of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution in 1964. [104], Following the end of the war, many refugees fled Vietnam by boat and ship. Per war: 191,605 deaths in the First Indochina War, 849,018 deaths in the Second Indochina War (Vietnam War), and 105,627 deaths in the Third Indochina War. [58] According to Guenter Lewy, the ARVN suffered between 171,331 and 220,357 deaths during the war. Civilian deaths were also caused by mortar and artillery, extensive aerial bombing and the use of firepower in military operations conducted in heavily populated areas. This list is organized in alphabetical order, and can be used to determine the place on the Vietnam Memorial where an individual's name can be found - the panel and line number to the right of the name. Estimates for PAVN deaths in the Easter Offensive alone vary from 40,000 to 100,000 in western sources. Total. Among other countries that fought for South Vietnam on a smaller scale, South Korea suffered more than 4,000 dead, Thailand about 350, Australia more than 500, and New Zealand some three dozen. The forces involved in this war (by the conclusion of the war) included: The war was fought in dense jungle terrain, so the American military developed a chemical solution known as Agent Orange to burn through the brush and lure out the hiding Viet Cong forces. There are some limitations on the search capabilities and downloading records en masse is not allowed. 7. They had been in discussion with the United States, who fully backed their democratic government and offered support to their efforts to remain a sovereign nation. In 1982 the Vietnam Veterans Memorial was dedicated in Washington, D.C., inscribed with the names of 57,939 members of U.S. armed forces who had died or were missing as a result of the war. One escapee died of wounds sustained during his rescue 15 days later. 3% were Asian, 7 or . But today, even as the U.S. military continues to grow more inclusive, most Americans are much less . Fighting continued on a lesser scale for some time afterwards and refugee numbers rose sharply due to the continued conflict, but the development of a strong trading market in the 80s helped the nation become more unified. [64] According to the Vietnamese government, from 1994 to 2012, 172,460 PAVN/VC bodies were found, including 15,989 in Cambodia, and 14,549 in Laos, and around 10,000 bodies were found from 2012 to 2015, reducing the number of MIA from 390,000 (1993) to 207,000 (2016). Deaths in Cambodia and Laos were estimated at 273,000 and 62,000 respectively. Revolutionary War. Casualties fluctuated considerably from year to year, but a degree of accuracy can be inferred from the fact that 500,000 was 59 percent of the 849,018 total and that 59 percent of the war's days had passed by the time of Fallaci's conversation with Giap. US Army helicopters pour machine-gun fire into the tree line to cover the advance of ground troops. A number of incidents occurred during the war in which civilians were deliberately targeted or killed. Many were never directly involved in the fighting, but rather were only caught in the crosshairs of South Vietnamese and North Vietnamese forces. Da Nang was the primary storage site of the chemical. According to the Department of Veterans Affairs, we are losing an estimated 500 Vietnam veterans every day. In 1993-94, after PCs had become commonplace, Tom Holloway (Emory University, Atlanta) changed the landscape by obtaining the Department of Defense's casualty database and the Army Adjutant General's database in digital form. Ho Chi Minh was outraged and began to engage his forces in small fights with South Vietnamese troops. This led to increased racial tension in the military. Cpl., Memphis, Tenn. The "patrol boat: riverine," or Navy PBR, was the first watercraft built for the so-called brown water navy in Vietnam. Battle of Hamburger Hill. [26] The program resulted in an estimated 26,000 to 41,000 killed, with an unknown number possibly being innocent civilians. The killed in action figure comes from "Special Subject 4: The Work of Locating and Recovering the Remains of Martyrs From Now Until 2020 And Later Years," downloaded from the Vietnamese government website datafile on 1 December 2017. The Vietnam War was fought between 1954 (following the departure of the French) through 1975, when South Vietnam surrendered to North Vietnam. MARINE CORPS * This includes US military officers and soldiers who died as a result of either a hostile or non-hostile occurrence, or who were missing in action or prisoners of war during the Vietnam War. They also assert that the U.S. overall suffered fewer casualties than its opponents. Once a unit assignment has been determined, a link to the individual's memorial page is included in the appropriate Unit Index. LIFE magazine, June 27, 1969, featuring a portrait of U.S. Army specialist William C. Gearing, Jr., one of 242 American servicemen killed in a single week of fighting during the Vietnam War. Ordering Information for Electronic Records. A Korean War era soldier and later an attorney in Hays, Kansas, Richard became aware that the government had not made public a central source of information regarding the servicemen and women who died as a result of service in Vietnam. Department of Veterans Affairs BIRLS Death File, 1850-2010: see the "National Cemeteries and Beneficiaries" section below. Village battles were not uncommon as the two factions fought for control of the region. The boat people's first destinations were the Southeast Asian locations of Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. The Coffelt Database available on this website is updated almost every night at 3 AM. This series contains records of U.S. military officers and soldiers who died as a result of either a hostile or nonhostile occurrence or who were missing in action or prisoners of war in the Southeast Asian combat area during the Vietnam War including casualties that occurred in Cambodia, China, Laos, North . In 2002, an early version of the Coffelt Database was deeded to the National Archives, which made it available on-line as a searchable database. In general we index the memorials at the lowest practical unit level. [11][23]:106 R.J. Rummel estimated that ARVN suffered between 219,000 and 313,000 deaths during the war, including in 1975 and prior to 1960. North Vietnam had won victory over the French and was likely to make South Vietnam submit to a Communist regime. 1975. The sum of those totals is 3,091,000 war deaths between 195575. [5], In 1995, the Vietnamese government released its estimate of war deaths for the more lengthy period of 195575. Called the American War in Vietnam (or, in full, the War Against the Americans to Save the Nation), the war was also part of a larger regional conflict (see Indochina wars) and a manifestation of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies. AIR FORCE * Vietnam War Almanac: An In-Depth Guide to the Most Controversial Conflict in American History. Those who argue that the United States won the war point to the fact that the U.S. defeated communist forces during most of Vietnams major battles. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The earliest casualty record contains a date of death of . One of the first Black officers to lead a Special Forces team in combat will receive the Medal of Honor, the nation's top award for bravery on the battlefield, A South Korean court has ordered the government to pay $24,000 to a Vietnamese woman who survived a gunshot wound but lost several relatives when South Korean marines rampaged through her village during the Vietnam War in 1968, De-escalation, negotiation, and Vietnamization, The United States negotiates a withdrawal, 9 Questions About the Vietnam War Answered, https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War, Vietnam War - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Vietnam War - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Biden to award Medal of Honor to Vietnam-era Army officer, Court says South Korea responsible for Vietnam War massacre. These deaths made up about 40% of the total casualties. An additional 232,000 military personnel were still missing as of 2017, a total of 1,081,000 dead and missing for the American War. Of the 7877 officer casualties, 7595 or 96.4% were white, 147 or 1.8% were black; 24 or . [71] The official US Department of Defense figure was 950,765 communist forces killed in Vietnam from 1965 to 1974. This was part of the Cold War effort to prevent the spread of Communism across the globe. According to the Vietnamese government, unexploded ordnance has killed some 42,000 people since the end of the war. [36][37][38][39] The My Lai Massacre was initially written off as an operational success and covered up. Those totals include only Vietnamese deaths, and do not include American and other allied military deaths which amounted to about 64,000. Another potential limitation is the relatively small sample size of the study. Causes of ongoing deaths and side effects include. From a Marine second lieutenant in New Jersey who commanded a rifle platoon in Vietnam. WWII POWs; WWII Enlistments; Japan POWs; Korean War Casualties; Displaying 1 - 20 . Lewy reduced the number of Viet Cong (VC) and People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) battle deaths claimed by the U.S. by 30 percent (in accordance with the opinion of United States Department of Defense officials), and assumed that one third of the reported battle deaths of the PAVN/VC may have actually been civilians. [20] About 130 American and 16,000 South Vietnamese POWs died in captivity. These estimates probably include deaths of Vietnamese soldiers in Laos and Cambodia, but do not include deaths of South Vietnamese and allied soldiers which would add nearly 300,000 for a grand total of 3.4 million military and civilian dead. "[56] Another Marine commander, Gen. Robert E. Cushman Jr., added, "we had a big problem with atrocities attributed to them, which I sent on down to Saigon. [70], RJ Rummel estimates 1,011,000 PAVN/VC combatant deaths. These are the most accurate estimates of the death tolls for each group of fighters: Civilians made up a large portion of the casualties in the Vietnam War. 80 lessons The Vietnam War death toll is estimated to be around 3.8 million casualties in total. 15. Harper Perennial; September 1991. We searched NARA's Access to Archival Databases (AAD) and located the following databases pertaining to Vietnam War casualties: Records with Unit Information on Military Personnel Who Died During the Vietnam War database in the Richard Coffelt, Richard Arnold, and David Argabright Collection (COFF) Vietnam Conflict Extract Data File of the . Both were present at the Battle of Ia Drang, the first large-scale engagement of the Vietnam War. I feel like its a lifeline. The Vietnam War began mainly over political conflict between Ho Chi Minh's Communist state of North Vietnam and the U.S.-supported democracy of South Vietnam. Vietnam War, (195475), a protracted conflict that pitted the communist government of North Vietnam and its allies in South Vietnam, known as the Viet Cong, against the government of South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States. Although demographers have developed a reper- Meanwhile, the Soviet Union and China poured weapons, supplies, and advisers into the North, which in turn provided support, political direction, and regular combat troops for the campaign in the South. [93][94] With the draft increasing due to the troop buildup in South Vietnam, the military significantly lowered its admission standards. The "Military Factory" name and MilitaryFactory.com logo are registered U.S. trademarks protected by all applicable domestic and international intellectual property laws. The U.S. military has estimated that between 200,000 and 250,000 South Vietnamese soldiers died. The U.S. Constitution grants Congress sole authority to issue declarations of war. 13,091. Lebanon (1982-1984) 240. KIA. [50][51] South Korean Marines reportedly perpetrated the H My massacre on 25 February 1968. 1-86-NARA-NARA or 1-866-272-6272, Record Group 330: Records of the Office of the Secretary of Defense, Record Group 407: Records of the Adjutant General's Office, Collection COFF: Richard Coffelt, Richard Arnold, and David Argabright Collection. Seven massacres officially confirmed by the American side. Post-War Issues: Aftereffects of the Vietnam War on the U.S. A Korean War era soldier and later an attorney in Hays, Kansas, Richard became aware that the government had not made public a central source of information regarding the servicemen and women who died as a result of service in Vietnam. The number of casualties is simply the number of members of a unit who are not available for duty. In addition to patrolling, Navy PBRs participated with . In general, DD1300, DA2496, and DD1330 photographs are copyrighted and should not be copied. 1st Battalion, 9th Marines. * During January 1973, 29 Americans died in Vietnam--19 as a result of hostile action. The names of those who gave their lives and of those who remain missing are inscribed in the order they . Vietnamese soldiers and an unknown number of civilian casualties in South and North Vietnam (Browne 1994: 1). [6], A 2008 study by the BMJ (formerly British Medical Journal) came up with a higher toll of 3,812,000 dead in Vietnam between 19552002. [99][100] In 2012 alone, unexploded ordnance and claimed 500 casualties in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia, according to activists and Vietnamese government databases. The war cost the United States over $120 billion and the lives of over 58,000 troops. Civilian deaths caused by both sides amounted to a significant percentage of total deaths. This was the turning point and the start of South Vietnam's defeat. Vancouver's Rob McSorley is one of at least 134 Canadians killed in action fighting for U.S. forces during the Vietnam War. 70. . [21] During the peak war years, another scholar Guenter Lewy attributed almost a third of civilian deaths to the VC. Despite the loss of members of the unit on that day and one later in the week, Don praised the unit's overall performance. . 58,148 were killed in Vietnam, 75,000 severely disabled, 23,214 were 100% disabled, 5,283 lost limbs and 1,081 sustained multiple amputations. Records with Unit Information on Military Personnel Who Died During the Vietnam War . On Nov. 23, 1968, The Philadelphia Tribune wrote of large . ; 1972 Easter Offensive - This saw 50,000 to 75,000 North Vietnamese combatants . [35], For official US military operations reports, there was no established distinctions between enemy KIA and civilian KIA. More than 58,000 American casualties of the Vietnam War are commemorated on the Vietnam Wall in Washington, DC. succeed. Civilian deaths are still ongoing because of the use of unexploded ordnances left behind from the war. However, from a constitutional perspective, this conflict did not technically count as a war. The exact breakdown still remains unclear, although an estimated 273,000 Cambodians and 62,000 Lao lost their lives. troops. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. In 1975 South Vietnam fell to a full-scale invasion by the North. Shelby Stanton, writing in The Rise and Fall of an American Army, declined to include casualty statistics because of their 'general unreliability.' ^ 1st Cavalry Division was the unit with most casualties suffered during the Vietnam War with 32,036; including 5,444 KIA and 26,592 wounded. In the days before "embeds" this generation's enforced melding of photographer and military unit there was a certain sense of . A mass exodus in 1975 of people loyal to the South Vietnamese cause was followed by another wave in 1978 of boat people, refugees fleeing the economic restructuring imposed by the communist regime. The overwhelming majority of the MIA are from northern Vietnam. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial, Washington, D.C.. Major incidents. Other Deaths (In Theater) 2,835 Other Deaths in Service (Non-Theater) 17,672 Non-mortal Woundings 103,284 Living Veterans 1,165,000 Vietnam War (1964-1975) Total U.S. Servicemembers (Worldwide)6 8,744,000 Deployed to Southeast Asia 7 3,403,000 Battle Deaths 8 47,434 Other Deaths (In Theater)8 10,786 Other Deaths in Service (Non-Theater)8 32,000 The vietnam war Pictures That Moved Them Most . These records were transferred into the custody of the National Archives and Records Administration in 2008. (At least 100 names on the memorial are those of servicemen who were actually Canadian citizens.) The war also spilled over into the neighboring countries of Cambodia and Laos which also endured casualties from aerial and ground fighting. November 19, 1967 was one of the bloodiest days for American troops in the Vietnam War. The United States committed some 550,000 troops to the Vietnam front at the height of the conflict, suffered more than 58,000 casualties, and engaged in battle after battle with communist forces in the region until its withdrawal in 1973. [11][12][13][14] It was difficult to distinguish between civilians and military personnel in many instances as many individuals were part-time guerrillas or impressed laborers who did not wear uniforms. Veterans were viewed negatively for their participation in the war, even if it was not by their choice to do so. jason roberts obituary, starlight mountain theater 2022 schedule, Those of servicemen who were actually Canadian citizens., DA2496, and do include... 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